Materi Bahasa Inggris: Procedure Texts

READING, GENRE: PROCEDURE TEXT

Materi, Soal dan Pembahasan Bahasa Inggris Ujian Nasional SMP

Procedure/Procedural Text, Teks Prosedur, adalah teks yang berisi prosedur, instruksi, proses, cara, atau langkah-langkah dalam membuat/melakukan (mengoperasikan) sesuatu.

Ciri-ciri Procedure Text:

1. Struktur umumnya (generic structure) terdiri dari:

Goal/Aim: tujuan dan maksud isi teks. Contoh: How to make sandwich…

Material/Tool: bahan atau alat-alat yang dibutuhkan untuk membuat/melakukan sesuatu. Contoh: The materials are as follows: 1. Two slides of bread, 2. Fried-egg, strawberry jam, chocolate sprinkles, ….

Steps/Procedures: langkah-langkah atau prosedur dalam melakukan/membuat sesuatu. Contoh: First, take two slides of bread and …

2. Menggunakan tenses “simple present”

3. Sering memakai kalimat Perintah (imperatives/orders). Contoh: Turn on the lamp, Put the rice into the rice cooker, Don’t forget to press the ‘on’ button, …

4. Kata-kata urutan (sequences). Contoh: first, second, then, next, the last, finally…

Pidato Bahasa Inggris: “Kartini Day”

Contoh naskah pidato Bahasa Inggris (a sample of English speech script). Topic: Women’s Rights and Emancipation. Title: Kartini Day (Hari Kartini).

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Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.

First of all, let us praise to the Almighty Allah SWT, because of His Blessing we are able to attend this English speech contest. Secondly, may peace be upon the prophet Muhammad Saw who has guided us from the darkness into the brightness.

In this good opportunity, I would like to say many thanks to the adjudicators and MC who have given me chance to deliver an English speech in front of you all.

My great appreciation also goes to all the teachers, students, and participants who have come to this place.

Ladies and Gentlemen…

The title of my speech is “Kartini Day”.

We all know… every year, on 21^st April, Indonesian people always celebrate Kartini Day. The commemoration of Kartini Day is based on the life story of RA Kartini who is widely regarded as a national Indonesian heroine in the women’s rights and  emancipation.

RA Kartini was born on 21^st April, 1879 in Jepara, Central Java. Her father, Raden Mas Sosroningrat, was the chief of Jepara Regency. At the time, Java was still a part of Dutch Colonies. Until the late 19^th century and early 20^thcentury, Indonesian women did not have the equal rights as men obtained. Women could not get higher education. They were also forbidden to choose their ways of life, such as expressing ideas or opinion and choosing husband.

Brothers and Sisters…

At the time, Javanese women could not attend school. Fortunately, because Kartini was born into a family with a strong intellectual tradition, she was then allowed to attend school until she was 12 years old. She learned much, including Dutch Language. After she turned 12 years old she was ‘secluded’ at home, a common practice among Javanese nobility, to prepare young girls for their marriage. During seclusion, girls were not allowed to leave their parents’ house until they were married. Kartini continued to educate herself on her own. Because Kartini could speak Dutch, she acquired several Dutch pen friends. One of them, a girl by the name of Rosa Abendanon, became her very close friend. Kartini read many kinds of books, newspapers and magazines about feminist thinking. They inspired and supported Kartini to improve the conditions of Javanese women who had a very low social status.

The letters from Kartini to her friends, especially Rosa Abendanon, were mainly about her views of the social conditions prevailing at that time, particularly the condition of native Indonesian women. She protested the tendency of Javanese Culture to impose obstacles for the development of women. She depicted the sufferings of Javanese women fettered by tradition, unable to study, secluded, and must be prepared to participate in polygamous marriages with men they don’t know.

Seven years later after Kartini died, her letters were compiled and published into a book in 1912. The book was titled: “Door Duisternis tot Licht” or known as “Out of Dark Comes Light” (Habis Gelap Terbitlah Terang).…

Descritive text

READING, GENRE: DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

Materi, Soal dan Pembahasan Bahasa Inggris Ujian Nasional SMP

Descriptive Text, Teks Deskriptif, adalah teks yang mendiskripsikan, menggambarkan, atau menguraikan tentang sesuatu, misalnya benda, orang ataupun tempat tertentu. Uraian teks ini biasanya meliputi karakteristik, jenis, bentuk, fungsi dan hal-hal terperinci tentang “sesuatu” tersebut.

Ciri-ciri Descriptive Text:

1. Struktur umumnya (generic structure) terdiri dari:

• Identification: Bagian (kalimat) yang memperkenalkan (introducing)sesuatu.
• Description: Bagian  yang berisi uraian atau gambaran tentang sesuatu tersebut, misalnya tentang jenis dan bentuknya.

2. Grammatical Features umumnya  tenses “simple present”
3. Isi teks fokus pada pembahasan terperinci mengenai sesuatu atau benda yang dimaksud.

Contoh Descriptive Text:

THE WHITE HOUSE

One of the most famous buildings in Washington D.C. is the White House. It is the home of the president of the United States.

The White House is a very large white building. It has three main parts, namely the main building and two wings (west and east wings). The main building has large central porches. The porches have tall columns. Large lawns and gardens surround the White House.

Generic Structure teks di atas sebagai berikut:

Identification: One of the most famous buildings in Washington D.C. is the White House.

Description: It is the home of the president of the United States. The White House is a very large white building. It has three main parts, namely the main building and two wings (west and east wings). The main building has large central porches. The porches have tall columns. Large lawns and gardens surround the White House.

Spider Game

Spiderman 3

Target Grade: Elem 3-adults
Target English: Question & answer practice
Preparation: Pictures of Spiderman, Mary Jane and 3 enemies

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Help Spiderman save Mary Jane from the Green Goblin, Dr. Octopus and the Sandman!
This game is basically a scoring game which you can mix and match with other games, but the way I present it here is great for question and answer practice.

Preparation

First of all you need A4 print outs of various Spiderman characters. You can easily get these by doing a google image search. You'll need one Mary Jane Watson, and then one Spiderman and villain for each group. One group can be up to around 8 kids. The best grouping is one group as Spiderman 1 vs. the Green Goblin, the next group as Spiderman 2 vs. Doctor Octopus and the final group as Spiderman 3 vs. the Sandman.

Like in the Banana Tree Game you then prepare the board, this takes about 2 minutes ( or one if you've had practice), so is good to do whilst the kids are doing a warm up game where the teacher isn't involved ( e.g. Harry Potter, Gokiburi etc. )



On the board you need to draw a tall building with several floors ( around 7 or 8 ) and wide enough so that your characters fit. Each teams' Spiderman and villain starts at the ground floor. On top of the building you put the picture of Mary Jane. The idea is the Spidermans will race to the top to save the girl! ( And yeah, I know it's not politically correct but don't blame me, write to Stan Lee!)


Then you need to split the kids into groups. Either use groups they normally make or use mingle and shout out a number, they have to get into groups of that number. . All the groups have to have the same number of people.

The Game

1. Each group forms a circle.

2. Each group decides which person in the group will go first.
3. The teacher says "Go!"
4. Simultaneously the first kid in each group asks the person next to them ( clockwise) today's target question. ( e.g. When's your birthday? Where are you going? What's your favourite colour? etc. etc. )
5. This person answers and asks the next person.
6. Keep going round the group until the first person answers the question.
7. Everyone stands up and shouts "Yeah!"
8. The quickest team is the winner.



9. The winner's team's Spiderman moves TWO floors up the building. And all the other teams' villains move one floor up the building.
10. The person next to the person who started last time starts this time.
11. Repeat from 3
12. Keep going until one Spiderman has saved Mary Jane!!

This game works great, even with older kids and even in Junior High School ( just change the target language to be whatever you are studying). Just the simple fact of having the game based on Spiderman gets the kids hooked!

You should change the question every couple of goes or even introduce a rule that says everyone has to give a different answer, that way they have to listen to what the other people have said!

And remember to teach the Golden Rule: Losing just means it's another chance to try again!

Enjoy!

Stopwatch Game

Stopwatch!

Target Grade: any

Target English: Vocab review!

This is a really good game. Suitable for large, or small classes. 

1.You first of all teach the kids a target quesion, for example "What do you like?", "I like ...." or "What's your name?"

2. Form the kids into a circle.

3. You start the stopwatch and one kid asks the question to the kid sitting next to them

4. This kid answers and asks the kid on their opposite side.

5. You continue around the circle. When you get back to the first kid, you stop the stopwatch.

6. Keep playing again and again, trying to beat their "Best Time"!

This is a really cool game from Will. The stopwatch is vital though, without it there is no tension! If the game gets a bit "easy" for them, tell them that they all have to have different answers! This makes sure they really listen to everyone else!

You can also use this in larger classes. In this case you can keep the kids sat at their desks. Ask the kid in the near right hand corner the question. He/She then asks the person behind. You keep going up and down the rows of kids until the question reaches the front left hand person. 

Another variation is to have a big ball. The kids pass this from one person to the next, using the conversation "Ball, please" and "Thank you".

This is also good in adult classes. The teacher starts by asking a question. The second time around, the person sitting next to the teacher chooses the question. With the time limit, it really leads to an interesting class, with some good conversations coming out of it!

The Princess and the Pea

Once upon a time there was a prince who wanted to marry a princess; but she would have to be a real princess. He travelled all over the world to find one, but nowhere could he get what he wanted. There were princesses enough, but it was difficult to find out whether they were real ones. There was always something about them that was not as it should be. So he came home again and was sad, for he would have liked very much to have a real princess.

One evening a terrible storm came on; there was thunder and lightning, and the rain poured down in torrents. Suddenly a knocking was heard at the city gate, and the old king went to open it.

It was a princess standing out there in front of the gate. But, good gracious! what a sight the rain and the wind had made her look. The water ran down from her hair and clothes; it ran down into the toes of her shoes and out again at the heels. And yet she said that she was a real princess.

Well, we'll soon find that out, thought the old queen. But she said nothing, went into the bed-room, took all the bedding off the bedstead, and laid a pea on the bottom; then she took twenty mattresses and laid them on the pea, and then twenty eider-down beds on top of the mattresses.

On this the princess had to lie all night. In the morning she was asked how she had slept.

"Oh, very badly!" said she. "I have scarcely closed my eyes all night. Heaven only knows what was in the bed, but I was lying on something hard, so that I am black and blue all over my body. It's horrible!"

Now they knew that she was a real princess because she had felt the pea right through the twenty mattresses and the twenty eider-down beds.

Nobody but a real princess could be as sensitive as that.

So the prince took her for his wife, for now he knew that he had a real princess; and the pea was put in the museum, where it may still be seen, if no one has stolen it.

The Gingerbread Man

Once upon a time, an old woman and her husband lived alone in a little old house. The couple had no children, and being lonely, the woman decided to make a boy of gingerbread. She carefully mixed the batter, rolled out the dough, and cut out out a very nice gingerbread man. She added sugar icing for his hair, mouth, and clothes, and she used candy chips for buttons and eyes. What a fine looking gingerbread man he was! The old woman put him in the oven to bake. After he was fully done, she slowly opened the oven door. Up jumped the gingerbread man, and he ran out the door saying,

"Run, run, as fast as you can!

You can't catch me!

I'm the Gingerbread Man!"

The old woman and the old man ran after him, but they could not catch him.

And so the Gingerbread Man ran and ran. While he running, he met a cow.

"Moo," said the cow. "You look very fine! Fine enough to eat!" And the cow started to chase to little man.

But the Gingerbread Man ran faster, saying,

"I ran away from an old woman,

I ran away from an old man,

And I can run away from you!

I can!"

And he laughed,

"Run, run, as fast as you can!

You can't catch me!

I'm the Gingerbread Man!"

The cow ran after the Gingerbread Man, but she could not catch him.

The Gingerbread Man kept running, and soon he met a horse.

"Neigh," said the horse, "You look mighty tasty. I think that I would like to eat you."

"But you can't!" said the Gingerbread Man.

"I ran away from an old woman,

I ran away from an old man,

I ran away from a cow,

And I can run away from you!

I can!"

And so he ran singing,

"Run, run, as fast as you can!

You can't catch me!

I'm the Gingerbread Man!"

The horse ran after the Gingerbread Man, but he could not catch him.

The Gingerbread Man ran and ran, laughing and singing. While he ran, he met a chicken.

"Cackle, cackle," said the chicken, "You look fine enough to peck for dinner. I'm going to eat you, Mr. Gingerbread Man."

But the Gingerbread Man just laughed.

"I ran away from an old woman,

I ran away from an old man,

I ran away from a cow,

I ran away from a horse,

And I can run away from you!

I can!"

And so he ran singing,

"Run, run, as fast as you can!

You can't catch me!

I'm the Gingerbread Man!"

The chicken ran after the Gingerbread Man, but she could not catch him.

The Gingerbread Man was proud that he could run so fast.

"Nobody can catch me," he thought. So he kept on running until he met a fox.

He just had to tell the fox how he ran faster than all the others.

"Mr. Fox," he said,

"As tasty as I appear to be,

I cannot let you catch and eat me.

I ran away from an old woman,

I ran away from an old man,

I ran away from a cow,

I ran away from a horse,

I ran away from a chicken,

And I can run away from you!

I can!"

But Mr. Fox did not seem to care.

"Why would I want to bother you?" asked Mr. Fox. "You don't even look that tasty. No, young man, I don't want to eat you at all."

The Gingerbread Man was so relieved.

"Well, indeed, Mr. Fox," said the Gingerbread Man. "If you don't mind, I think I'll take a little rest here." And the Gingerbread Man stopped running and stood still.

And right when he stood still. Snap! went Mr. Fox's jaws right into the Gingerbread Man until he was gone.

"He was very tasty after all," thought the fox.

Mengajarkan Bahasa Inggris untuk Kelas 1-2 Sekolah Dasar

Saat ini, kita banyak mendapati Sekolah Dasar (SD), umumnya SD Swasta, memasukkan pelajaran bahasa inggris ke dalam mata pelajaran sekolah bagi siswa kelas satu hingga kelas enam. Pengalaman saya mengajar bahasa Inggris di salah satu SD swasta umum bisa menjadi contoh bagaimana seharusnya siswa SD belajar bahasa Inggris. Meski pun ini bukan hal baru, semoga tulisan saya ini bisa bermanfaat bagi anda yang ingin anak anda bisa berbahasa Inggris.

1. Bahasa Inggris tidak harus dimulai dari Tata Bahasa (Grammar).

Buku pegangan pelajaran bahasa Inggris bagi anak-anak kelas 1 hingga 3 SD, umumnya menekankan pada Tata Bahasa/ Grammar. Misalnya Present Continous Tense (I am doing), Present Simple (I do), dan lainnya. Tidak ada yang salah, tapi  menerangkan TENSES tanpa mempraktekkan secara langsung penggunaannya dalam kehidupan nyata, tidak akan banyak membantu anak mampu berbahasa Inggris.

Dalam kelas, guru bisa memulai dengan “Hello class……you look great today!”. Lalu anda bisa memulai percakapan yang lain, ”Are you happy to learn English?. Anda bisa membuat mimik tersenyum dan berkata: “Happy……!”, ajak murid-murid untuk menirukan. Lalu ulangi dengan membuat perbandingan: “Sad….Angry.”.

2. Jangan semua kata diterjemahkan, hanya yang sulit digambarkan.

Terkadang guru gemas, bila murid tidak mau bersuara karena  tidak tahu arti sebuah kata/kalimat. Tetap gunakan bahasa Inggris, jangan menerjemahkan setiap kata baru. Gunakanlah alat bantu. Ingat, anak-anak kelas 1 hingga 2 biasanya masih banyak main-main ketimbang belajarnya. Karena memang, masih dalam peralihan dari TK ke SD.  Oleh karena itu, sangat dianjurkan, guru mengajarkan bahasa Inggris pada anak-anak menggunakan alat bantu atau aktivitas yang menarik di kelas. Alat bantu dapat berupa gambar, benda-benda, teka-teki atau kuis yang menarik.

Anda bisa menggunting iklan Indomie yang memperlihatkan orang makan mie. Lalu tanyakan  pada murid-murid.

Guru: “Class….look at the picture…..what is he doing?”

Murid: “Mi…..Indo mie……!!!”

Guru: “Yes…..he is eating noodle…..he is not eating a cake!”

Berikan gambar lainnya, dan mintalah murid-murid lain menjawab apa yang sedang dilakukan model di majalah itu. Bahasa Inggris harus diajarkan dengan cara yang komunikatif dan menarik, karenanya gunakan permainan, atau lagu-lagu. Lagu ini cukup efektif untuk mengajarkan Present Continous Tense, anda dapat mengganti kata kerja sleep(ing) dengan kata kerja lain:

“Are you sleeping…..are you sleeping, brother John….brother John, morning bells are ringing…..morning bells are ringing. Dind Dang Dong……Ding Dang Dong”

3.  Jangan malu untuk berbahasa Inggris di depan umum

Bahkan seorang Guru Bahasa Inggris terkadang malu untuk berbahasa Inggris di luar kelas. Padahal, ketika bertemu muridnya di luar, ia layak untuk mempraktekkan bahasa itu kepada muridnya. Misalnya saat berpapasan dengan murid sepulang sekolah.

Guru: “Hey, Rustam……how are you?”

Rustam: “Eh,….mm…” (malu-malu)

Guru: “You want to go home?”

Rustam: “Iya”. (atau mungkin hanya mengangguk)

Guru: “Say hello to your mother, okey?”

Rustam: “Heh?”

Membiasakan anak berbahasa Inggris, tidak berarti berhenti mengajarkan bahasa Indonesia yang baik dan benar pada anak. Tetapi  berikan waktu rutin untuk berlatih bahasa Inggris kepada anak, beberapa jam per hari/ per minggu. Sehingga anak terbiasa menggunakannya. Bila di sekolah ada English Club, anak/murid dapat dianjurkan untuk bergabung.

Tenses

Macam-Macam / Jenis-Jenis Tenses Bahasa Inggris

Pengertian Tenses
Kata Tenses berasal dari kata TEMPUS (bahasa latin) yang berarti waktu/time, dan diperoleh melalui Bahasa Prancis yaitu Temps.
Tenses adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja dalam tata bahasa yang menunjukan waktu terjadinya suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa dan tahap penyelesaiannya.

Ada 16 bentuk tenses. Berikut ini contoh-contoh tenses serta rumusnya:

KELOMPOK PRESENT (WAKTU SEKARANG)
1. Simple Present Tense (waktu sekarang)
    She writes some letters now (active)
    Dia menulis beberapa surat sekarang
    [S + Verb1 + O/C]

    Some letters are written by her now (passive)
    Beberapa surat ditulis oleh dia sekarang
    [S + To Be(am,are,is) + Verb3 + O]

2. Present Continuous Tense (sedang berlangsung)
    She is writing some letters now (active)
    Dia sedang menulis beberapa surat sekarang
    [S + To Be(am,are,is) + (Verb1+ing) + O/C]

    Some letters are being written by her now (passive)
    Beberapa surat sedang ditulis oleh dia sekarang
    [S + To Be(am,are,is) + being + Verb3 + O]

3. Present Perfect Tense (telah dikerjakan)
    She has written some letters (active)
    Dia telah menulis beberapa surat
    [S + have,has + Verb3 + O/C]

    Some letters have been written by her (passive)
    Beberapa surat telah ditulis oleh dia
    [S + have,has + been + Verb3+ O]

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense (telah sedang dikerjakan)
    She has been writing some letters for two hours (active)
    Dia telah sedang menulis beberapa surat selama 2 jam
    [S + have,has + been + (Verb1+ing) + O/C]

    Some letters have been being written by her for two hours (passive)
    Beberapa surat telah sedang ditulis oleh dia selama 2 jam
    [S + have,has + been + being + Verb3 + O]

KELOMPOK FUTURE (YANG AKAN DATANG)
1. Simple Future Tense
    She will write some letters tomorrow (active)
    Dia akan menulis beberapa surat besok
    [S + shall/will + Verb1 + O/C]

    Some letters will be written by her tomorrow (passive)
    Beberapa surat akan ditulis oleh dia besok
    [S + shall/will + be + Verb3 + O]

2. Future Continuous Tense
    She will be writing some letters tomorrow (active)
    Dia akan sedang menulis beberapa surat besok
    [S + shall/will + be + (Verb1+ing) + O/C]

    Some letters will be being written by her tomorrow (passive)
    Beberapa surat akan sedang ditulis oleh dia besok
    [S + shall/will + be + being + Verb3 + O]   

3. Future Perfect Tense
    She will have written some letters (active)
    Dia akan telah menulis beberapa surat
    [S + shall/will + have + Verb3 + O/C]

    Some letters will have been written by her (passive)
    Beberapa surat akan telah ditulis oleh dia
    [S + shall/will + have + been + Verb3 + O]

4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
    She will have been writing some letters (active)
    Dia akan telah sedang menulis beberapa surat
    [s + shall/will + have + been + (Verb1+ing) + O/C]

    Some letters will have been being written by her (passive)
    Beberapa surat akan telah sedang ditulis oleh dia
    [S + shall/will + have + been + being + Verb3 + O]


KELOMPOK PAST  FUTURE (YANG AKAN DATANG DI MASA LAMPAU)
1. Past Future Tense
    She would write some letters when you came (active)
    Dia akan menulis beberapa surat ketika kamu datang
    [S + should,would + Verb1 + O/C]

    Some letters would be written by her when you came (passive)
    Beberapa surat akan ditulis oleh dia ketika kamu datang
    [S + should,would + be + Verb3 + O]

2. Past Future Continuous Tense
    She would be writing some letters on Monday last week (active)
    Dia akan sedang menulis beberapa surat pada hari Senin minggu lalu
    [S + should,would + be +(Verb1+ing) + O/C]

    Some letters would be being written by her on Monday last week (passive)
    Beberapa surat akan sedang ditulis oleh dia pada hari Senin minggu lalu
    [S + shoul,would + be + being + Verb3 + O]

3. Past Future Perfect Tense
    She would have written some letters if  you hadn’t come here (active)
    Dia akan telah menulis beberapa surat  jika kamu belum datang kesini
    [S + should,would + have + Verb3 + O/C]

    Some letters would have been written by her if  you hadn’t come here (passive)
    Beberapa surat akan telah sedang ditulis oleh dia jika kamu belum datang kesini
    [S + should,would + have + been + Verb3 + O]

4. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
    She would have been writing some letters by March this year (active)
    Dia akan telah sedang menulis beberapa surat menjelang Maret tahun ini
    [S + should,would + have + been + (Verb1+ing) + O/C]

    Some letters would have been being written by her by March this year (passive)
    Beberapa surat akan telah sedang ditulis oleh dia menjelang Maret tahun ini
    [S + should,would + have + been + being + Verb3 + O]